那只不过是一张纸，电话号码印在一面上。
printed on one side 是过去分词短语作定语，用逗号隔开，它相当于一个非限制性定语从句 ( …，which was printed on one side ) 。又如：
It was the first building here , built in 1871 .
This is a newly - made satellite , used for communications .
Just now , a gentleman , called John Brown , came to see you .
( 6 ) The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker as they travel along metal wires . 电话号的问题是，当它们沿着金属导线传送时，信号会变得越来越弱。
这个句子是个复合句，它包含一个由 that 引导的表语从句 they get weaker and weaker , 而这个表语从句后面又接了一个由 as 引导的时间状语从句 as they travel along metal wires .
weaker and weaker 越来越弱。这是“比较级 + and + 比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”的意思，在本句中作表语。例如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger .
More and more people have their telephones .
We hope that the telephone charges will get less and less expensive .
as 在此句中作连词，引出时间状语从句，常可以和 when 或 while 换用。例如：
I saw her as／when／while I was waiting for the bus .
I saw her as／when she was falling .
9 . They need to be strengthened every 3—4km . 电信号每隔3—4公里就需要增强。
( 1 ) to be strengthened 是不定式的被动式，作谓语动词 need 的宾语。strengthen
是由名词 strength ( 力量 ) 加后缀 - en 派生的动词。strengthen 作“加强”、“增强”解 ( make or become strong ) 。例如：
Our army is becoming greatly strengthened .
We must strengthen our national defence .
名词或形容词加后缀 - en，构成意思相近的动词，如：length ( 长度 ) →lengthen ( 加长 ) ，height ( 高 ) →heighten ( 加高 ) ，wide ( 宽的 ) →widen ( 加宽 ) ，deep ( 深的 ) →deepen ( 加深 ) ，short ( 短的 ) →shorten ( 缩短 ) 。
( 2 ) “every 3—4km . ”中的 km 是 kilometre ( 千米／公里 ) 的缩写。every 一般和单数名词连用，表示“每一……”，如 every minute ( 每分钟 ) ，every hour ( 每小时 ) 。若后面接 two 以上的数词，则需接复数名词，表示“每隔……”。例如：
The bus runs every 4—5 minutes .
Take the medicine every four hours .
10 . At the other end , the light signals are received and changed back into electrical signals and finally sound . 在受话的一端，被接收的光信号还原为电信号，最后变成声音。
这个句子是个简单句，主语是 the light signals , 有三个并列谓语，第一个是 are received , 第二个是 ( are ) changed back into electrical signals ( 其中 are 省略了 ) ，第三个是 ( are changed ) finally ( into ) sound ( 其中省略了 are changed…into ) ，这些省略都是为了避免重复。
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高二英语第二十三单元Telephones