c ) When he was still a young man , he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons .
3 . by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
a ) Her body was bent by age .
b ) The general died by his own hand .
c ) She took your umbrella by mistake .
4 . at 表示某种情绪或动作的原因，多与“喜，怒，哀，乐”等义的词连用，常译作“听到……”，“看到……”。
a ) The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news .
b ) He jumped at the news .
5 . on 表示能作为依据或条件的原因，常译为“依照……”。
He has given up smoking on medical advice .
6 . of 和 from 表原因时常与 die 类似意义的词连用。die of 指因疾病，冻饿，或害怕，羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时，二者均可。from 还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。
a ) His son having been killed in the war , the man died of a broken heart .
b ) In big cities during cold winter months , many old people die from the polluted air .
c ) She died of / from cancer .
d ) He wasn‘t ill ; he stayed in bed from laziness .
7 . with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因，意为“随着……”。
a ) The man bent with age .
b ) He turned red with anger .
8 . in 表示引起某种状态或过程的原因。
a ) He is rolling on the floor in pain .
b ) He rejoiced in his own success .
9 . owing to，相当于 because of , 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
a ) Owing to the rain they could not come .
b ) Owing to his lacking on experience , John failed this time .
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注：owing to 也可表示“欠……钱”之意
How much is he owing to you ?
10 . thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”。
Thanks to the timely rain , the farmer had a good harvest .
11 . out of 表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”。
a ) He asked the question out of curiosity .
b ) He did it out of pity .
12 . through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
The war was lost through bad organization . 战争因组织不周而失败了。
※ 表示进行意义的介词
1 . at + ( the ) + 名词：at table ( 在用餐 ) ，at war ( 战时 ) ，at peace ( 和平时期 ) ，at press ( 正在排印 ) ，at one ’ s meals ( 在吃饭 ) ，at one ‘ s study ( 在学习 ) ，at work ( 在工作 ) ，at the piano ( 在弹钢琴 ) , at the end ( of ) ( 在结束时 ) 。例如：
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